Microglial cells are the resident macrophages in the central nervous system. These cells of
mesodermal/mesenchymal origin migrate into all regions of the central nervous system …

Oligodendrocytes (OL s), the myelin‐forming cells of the central nervous system, form a
functional unit with axons and play a crucial role in axonal integrity. An episode of hypoxia …

Microglia have been implicated as a key mediator of chronic inflammation following
traumatic brain injury (TBI). The animal models of TBI vary significantly based on the type of …

Bradykinin (BK) has been reported to be a mediator of brain damage in acute insults.
Receptors for BK have been identified on microglia, the pathologic sensors of the brain …

Acute ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury are a major cause of mortality and
morbidity. Due to the paucity of therapies, there is a pressing clinical demand for new …

Bradykinin (BK) is produced and acts at the site of injury and inflammation. In the CNS,
migration of microglia toward the lesion site plays an important role pathologically. In the …

Microglial activation plays an integral role in the development and course of
neurodegeneration. Although neuropeptides such as bradykinin (BK), somatostatin (SST) …

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder that affects up to 15% of the worldwide
population. Characterized by switches in mood between mania and depression, its etiology …

Abstract Bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) activated by its endogenous ligand bradykinin
participates in various physiological processes including neurogenesis, neuronal …

Forty-five years ago the surprising discovery was made, in a Melbourne University
laboratory, that peripheral synapses exist that release neither noradrenaline nor …