Heterotrimetic G proteins consist of four subfamilies (G s, G i/o, G q/11, and G 12/13) that
mediate signaling via G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), principally by receptors binding …

A subset of melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells has been identified to be directly
photosensitive (pRGCs), modulating a range of behavioral and physiological responses to …

Membrane proteins perform diverse functions in living organisms such as transporters,
receptors and channels. The functions of membrane proteins have been investigated with …

Being the largest family of cell surface receptors, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are
among the most frequent targets. The functions of many GPCRs are unknown, and it is both …

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form the largest receptor family, relay environmental
stimuli to changes in cell behavior and represent prime drug targets. Many GPCRs are …

Biology is meaningful and important to identify cytokines and investigate their various
functions and biochemical mechanisms. However, several issues remain, including the …

The neurotransmitter molecule acetylcholine is capable of activating five muscarinic
acetylcholine receptors, M1 through M5, which belong to the superfamily of G-protein …

Protein sequence contains clues to its function. Functional prediction from sequence
presents a challenge particularly for proteins that have low or no sequence similarity to …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest signaling family in the genome, serve
an expansive array of functions, and are targets for≈ 50% of current therapeutics. In many …

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane proteins which via G-proteins
initiate some of the important signaling pathways in a cell and are involved in various …