A large body of experimental evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is a key
pathological event triggering and perpetuating the neurodegenerative process associated …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a cell-wall immunostimulatory endotoxin component of Gram-
negative bacteria. A growing body of evidence reveals that alterations in the bacterial …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, after
Alzheimer's disease. The potential causes of PD remain uncertain, but recent studies …

The tripeptide glutathione is the thiol compound present in the highest concentration in cells
of all organs. Glutathione has many physiological functions including its involvement in the …

The cells of the adult human brain consume≈ 20% of the oxygen utilized by the body
although the brain comprises only 2% of the body weight. Reactive oxygen species, which …

Inflammation in the brain has been increasingly associated with the development of a
number of neurological diseases. The hallmark of neuroinflammation is the activation of …

The etiology of sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown. Increasing evidence
has suggested a role for inflammation in the brain in the pathogenesis of PD. However, it …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting mainly the
elderly, although a small proportion of PD patients develop the illness at a much younger …

Most acute and chronic neurodegenerative conditions are accompanied by
neuroinflammation; yet the exact nature of the inflammatory processes and whether they …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the two most widespread
neurological disorders (NDs) characterized by degeneration of cognitive and motor …