All forms of energy follow the law of conservation of energy, by which they can be neither
created nor destroyed. Light-to-heat conversion as a traditional yet constantly evolving …

Over the past decades, interest in shape memory polymers (SMPs) has persisted, and
immense efforts have been dedicated to developing SMPs and their multifunctional …

Abstract 4D printing has attracted tremendous interest since its first conceptualization in
2013. 4D printing derived from the fast growth and interdisciplinary research of smart …

Shape memory polymer (SMP) is an excellent smart material, which can sense and perform
active shape change as preprogrammed. So far, there are a wide variety of stimulus …

Shape memory polymers and their composites are capable to hold a temporary shape and
recover to the original shape upon exposure to a particular external stimulus. The stimulus …

Near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered shape memory polymers are expected to have a more
promising prospect in biomedical applications compared with traditional heat-triggered …

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are one of the primary directions in the development of
modern high‐tech new materials, which are integrated with sensing, actuation, information …

A common behavior found in nature is the ability of plants and animals to naturally respond
to their surroundings through actuation. Stimuli‐responsive polymers exhibit the same ability …

Biodegradable occluders, which can efficiently eliminate the complications caused by
permanent foreign implants, are considered to be the next-generation devices for the …

Light-responsive shape memory materials (SMMs) are a type of smart materials which utilize
the convenient light energy to actuate shape changes of the materials. Although natural …