A role for the cerebellum in causing ataxia, a disorder characterized by uncoordinated
movement, is widely accepted. Recent work has suggested that alterations in activity …

Dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary twisting movements and
postures. There are many different clinical manifestations, and many different causes. The …

Background Dystonia is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition that occurs in
isolation (isolated dystonia), in combination with other movement disorders (combined …

The dystonias are a group of disorders defined by sustained or intermittent muscle
contractions that result in involuntary posturing or repetitive movements. There are many …

The most common forms of dystonia are those that develop in adults and affect a relatively
isolated region of the body. Although these adult‐onset focal dystonias are most prevalent …

The cerebellum has a well-established role in maintaining motor coordination and studies of
cerebellar learning suggest that it does this by recognizing neural patterns, which it uses to …

Recent advances in structural and functional imaging have greatly improved our ability to
assess normal functions of the basal ganglia, diagnose parkinsonian syndromes …

This review will consider the knowledge that neuroimaging studies have provided to the
understanding of the anatomy of dystonia. Major advances have occurred in the use of …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is highly effective for both hypo-and hyperkinetic movement
disorders of basal ganglia origin. The clinical use of DBS is, in part, empiric, based on the …

Dystonia is a movement disorder of both genetic and non-genetic causes, which typically
results in twisted posturing due to abnormal muscle contraction. Evidence from dystonia …