Glaciers are retreating globally, and the resulting ice-free areas provide an experimental
system for understanding species colonization patterns, community formation, and …

In glacier forefields, the chronosequence approach is used to investigate ecological,
biogeochemical and physical features of autogenic successional change as a function of …

The global retreat of glaciers is dramatically altering mountain and high-latitude landscapes,
with new ecosystems developing from apparently barren substrates,,–. The study of these …

Mountain glaciers retreat at an increased rate under global warming, resulting in exposed
barren surfaces for primary succession. Soil microbes are an important driver of ecosystem …

Glacier forefields have long provided ecologists with a model to study patterns of plant
succession following glacier retreat. While plant-survey-based approaches applied along …

Recently deglaciated surfaces of glacier forelands are subjected to a variety of biotic and
abiotic factors that lead to continuous soil formation. Until now, no attempt has been taken to …

The rapid recession of glaciers is exposing large zones to the development of embryonic
phototrophic ecosystems and eventual ecological succession. Traditionally, succession …

Restoration of degraded ecosystems may take decades or even centuries. Accordingly,
information about the current direction and speed of recovery provided by methods for …

Proglacial areas are not only the stage for glacial processes and paraglacial dynamics,
which shape the landscape following glacier retreat. At the same time, the new terrain is …

Matthews' 1992 geoecological model of vegetation succession within glacial forefields
describes how following deglaciation the landscape evolves over time as the result of both …