Background Hypernatremia has been associated with substantial morbidity and death in
human patients. The incidence and importance of hypernatremia in dogs and cats has not …

Objective/Hypothesis To investigate the risk of nasal septal abscess (NSA) in patients with
type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after septoplasty. Study Design Retrospective cohort study …

Abstract CASE DESCRIPTION A 5-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was
evaluated because of an acute onset of dyspnea and open-mouthed breathing. CLINICAL …

Background: Sodium: potassium (Na: K) ratios are often reported in feline biochemical
panels, although the importance of this measurement has not been investigated. Objectives …

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of chyloabdomen diagnosis in cats and dogs and
characterize and compare between species the corresponding clinical signs …

Sažetak A 8-month-old cat with immature appearance was referred as an emergency,
showing lethargy, weakness, anorexia and dehydration. The case history reported two …

Background As hyperkalemia may be life‐threatening, it is critical to recognize artifactually
increased potassium concentrations. Pseudohyperkalemia may occur in myopathies when …

The abnormal collections of fluid in the abdomen and thorax of dogs and cats can be
evaluated by fluid analysis utilizing nucleated cell count, total protein, cytologic findings, and …

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract is organized into regions and layers with structural and functional
peculiarities. The tract which begins from the mouth, extending to the anus, is comprised of …

Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into charged particles (ions) in solution and
acquire the capacity to conduct electricity. Sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), calcium …