All cellular membranes have the functionality of generating and maintaining the gradients of
electrical and electrochemical potentials. Such potentials were generally thought to be an …

Central to the study of cognition is being able to specify the Subject that is making decisions
and owning memories and preferences. However, all real cognitive agents are made of …

Synthetic biology and bioengineering provide the opportunity to create novel embodied
cognitive systems (otherwise known as minds) in a very wide variety of chimeric …

All epistemic agents physically consist of parts that must somehow comprise an integrated
cognitive self. Biological individuals consist of subunits (organs, cells, and molecular …

General anesthesia serves a critically important function in the clinical care of human
patients. However, the anesthetized state has foundational implications for biology because …

A reductionistic, bottom‐up, cellular‐based concept of the origins of sentience and
consciousness has been put forward. Because all life is based on cells, any evolutionary …

The slime mould Physarum polycephalum has been used in developing unconventional
computing devices for in which the slime mould played a role of a sensing, actuating, and …

All living cells interact dynamically with a constantly changing world. Eukaryotes, in
particular, evolved radically new ways to sense and react to their environment. These …

The most widely accepted view in the biopsychological sciences is that the cognitive
functions that are diagnostic of mental operations, sentience or, more commonly …

I introduce arguments toward a non-representational reflexivity theory of consciousness-as-
such to address one of the key issues in the science of consciousness today: lack of …