Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been extensively investigated for decades for tumor
treatment because of its non-invasiveness, spatiotemporal selectivity, lower side-effects, and …

Glutathione (GSH), the main redox buffer, has long been recognized as a pivotal modulator
of tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. It is also implicated in the resistance of …

Gastric cancer remains a major unmet clinical problem with over 1 million new cases
worldwide. It is the fourth most commonly occurring cancer in men and the seventh most …

Drug-tolerant persister cells (persisters) evade apoptosis upon targeted and conventional
cancer therapies and represent a major non-genetic barrier to effective cancer treatment …

Autophagy, as a type II programmed cell death, plays crucial roles with autophagy-related
(ATG) proteins in cancer. Up to now, the dual role of autophagy both in cancer progression …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and has an
exceedingly low median overall survival of only 15 months. Current standard-of-care for …

Autophagy is a cellular degradative pathway that plays diverse roles in maintaining cellular
homeostasis. Cellular stress caused by starvation, organelle damage, or proteotoxic …

It is well established that multifactorial drug resistance hinders successful cancer treatment.
Tumor cell interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME) are crucial in epithelial …

Chemotherapy is a well-known and effective treatment for different cancers; unfortunately, it
has not been as efficient in the eradication of all cancer cells as been expected. The …

Autophagy is a mechanism by which cellular material is delivered to lysosomes for
degradation, leading to the basal turnover of cell components and providing energy and …