As the essential regulators of organ fibrosis, macrophages undergo marked phenotypic and
functional changes after organ injury. These changes in macrophage phenotype and …

Abstract Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a member of the TLR family, mediating the
transcriptional induction of type I interferons (IFNs), proinflammatory cytokines, and …

Various lung insults can result in replacement of resident alveolar macrophages (AM) by
bone marrow monocyte–derived (BMo)–AM. However, the dynamics of this process and its …

Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are a versatile family of ubiquitin E3 ligases involved in a
multitude of cellular processes. Studies in recent years have demonstrated that many TRIM …

Type I interferons (IFNs) play essential roles in establishing and modulating host defense
against microbial infection via induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) through Janus …

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) recognizes exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns
(PAMPs) and endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and initiates the …

Type I interferon (IFN) serves as the first line of defense against invading pathogens.
Inhibition of IFN-triggered signaling cascade by Zika virus (ZIKV) plays a critical role for ZIKV …

Innate immune cells are critical in protective immunity against viral infections, involved in
sensing foreign viral nucleic acids. Here we report that the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 9 …

A harmonized balance between positive and negative regulation of pattern recognition
receptor (PRR)-initiated immune responses is required to achieve the most favorable …

Accumulating evidence points to an important role for the gut microbiome in anti-tumor
immunity. Here, we show that altered intestinal microbiota contributes to anti-tumor …