In nature, plants constantly have to face pathogen attacks. However, plant disease rarely
occurs due to efficient immune systems possessed by the host plants. Pathogens are …

Lipids are one of the major components of biological membranes including the plasma
membrane, which is the interface between the cell and the environment. It has become clear …

Ethylene is a gaseous hormone which plays important roles in both plant growth and
development and stress responses. Based on studies in the dicot model plant species …

Abstract Phospholipases D (PLD) and C (PLC) hydrolyze the phosphodiesteric linkages of
the head group of membrane phospholipids. PLDs and PLCs in plants occur in different …

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs/CPKs) are key regulators of plant stress
signaling that translate calcium signals into cellular responses by phosphorylating diverse …

Ethylene is a gaseous plant growth hormone that regulates various plant developmental
processes, ranging from seed germination to senescence. The mechanisms underlying …

Ethylene regulates many aspects of the plant life cycle, including seed germination, root
initiation, flower development, fruit ripening, senescence, and responses to biotic and abiotic …

Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes phospholipids to produce phosphatidic acid (PA) and a
head group, and is involved in the response to various environmental stresses, including …

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is an essential phospholipid involved in membrane biosynthesis and
signal transduction in all eukaryotes. This review focuses on its role as lipid second …

Benzylaminopurine (6-BA), a synthetic cytokinin compound, plays a vital role in modulating
diverse physiological processes in plants and is widely applied in agriculture. This study …