The Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWS) is a common option to characterize optical
fields, due to its noninterference, high accuracy, and high-speed advantages. However, the …

This paper introduces a novel methodology for wavefront sensing through the integration of
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) into Grating Array-Based Wavefront Sensors …

The possibility of recognizing wave aberrations using a convolutional neural network with
the Xception architecture is investigated based on intensity patterns at the output of a Fourier …

Astigmatism has a very unique ability to change the shape of the intensity profile of an
optical beam as we move away on either side of the focal plane of the optical system. This …

An optical microscope holds immense importance across various disciplines, including life
science, medical science, material science, and nanotechnology, among others. Its primary …

Computer-generated holography (CGH) is the technique for recording interference patterns
and reconstructing images. This chapter discusses the fundamental principle of generating …

The wavefront measurement accuracy of a grating array based zonal wavefront sensor
(GAWS) can be affected by the non-uniform focal spot array and unwanted orders in the …

This paper introduces an approach for zonal wave-front reconstruction based on slope
values while improving the wavefront reconstruction time. Wavefront reconstruction from …

The point-spread function (PSF) plays a fundamental role in deciding the resolution of an
optical microscope. One way to find the experimental PSF is to image sub-resolution …

Subtraction microscopy is an imaging technique that uses the difference between two
images obtained with different point spread functions (PSFs) to improve image contrast. In …