Membrane is one of the most important components in proton exchange membrane fuel
cells (PEMFCs), which determines the transport phenomena, performance, and durability …

Gas diffusion layer (GDL) is one of the critical components acting both as the functional as
well as the support structure for membrane–electrode assembly in the proton exchange …

At present, despite the great advances in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)
technology over the past two decades through intensive research and development …

Over the past few years, the importance of water management to the successful operation of
polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells has stimulated an extensive research focus …

Grid-scale energy storage systems are of interest as the world increases reliance on
renewable energy sources. Redox flow batteries are a type of grid-scale energy storage …

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) must maintain a balance between the
hydration level required for efficient proton transfer and excess liquid water that can impede …

Findings on PEMFC designs grew tremendously in the past decade. Commercially, PEMFCs
are usually configured in a stack to achieve higher electrochemical output. However, the two …

Under typical proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operating conditions,
temperature gradients through the porous gas diffusion layer (GDL) can result in product …

The performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack is affected by
many factors, including the operating conditions, flow field and manifold design, and …

The gas diffusion layer (GDL) in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is one of
the functional components that provide a support structure for gas and water transport. The …