Metabolic pathways and redox reactions are at the core of life. In the past decade (s),
numerous discoveries have shed light on how metabolic pathways determine the cellular …

Autophagy is a conserved, self‐degradation system that is critical for maintaining cellular
homeostasis during stress conditions. Dysregulated autophagy has implications in health …

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are contagious pathogens responsible for severe respiratory
infection in humans and animals worldwide. Upon detection of IAV infection, host immune …

Mitophagy is a vital form of autophagy for selective removal of dysfunctional or redundant
mitochondria. Accumulating evidence implicates elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria …

Across all branches of the immune system, the process of autophagy is fundamentally
important in cellular development, function and homeostasis. Strikingly, this evolutionarily …

The cellular degradative pathway of autophagy has a fundamental role in immunity. Here,
we review the function of autophagy and autophagy proteins in inflammation. We discuss …

Autophagy is an intracellular bulk degradation system that is highly conserved in
eukaryotes. The discovery of autophagy-related ('ATG') proteins in the 1990s greatly …

Failure to make adaptive immune responses is a hallmark of aging. Reduced B cell function
leads to poor vaccination efficacy and a high prevalence of infections in the elderly. Here we …

The immune system can remember a previously experienced pathogen and can evoke an
enhanced response to reinfection that depends on memory lymphocyte populations. Recent …

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess two important properties such as self-renewal and
differentiation. These properties of HSCs are maintained through hematopoiesis. This …