The onset of heart failure is typically preceded by cardiac hypertrophy, a response of the
heart to increased workload, a cardiac insult such as a heart attack or genetic mutation …

Signaling pathways regulate contraction of striated (skeletal and cardiac) and smooth
muscle. Although these are similar, there are striking differences in the pathways that can be …

Single cardiomyocytes contain myofibrils that harbor the sarcomere-based contractile
machinery of the myocardium. Cardiomyocytes differentiated from human pluripotent stem …

Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal regulator of various cellular functions. In cardiomyocytes,
Ca2+ is the central element of excitation–contraction coupling, but also impacts diverse …

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as an effective platform for
regenerative therapy, disease modeling, and drug discovery. iPSCs allow for the production …

Preclinical drug screens are not based on human physiology, possibly complicating
predictions on cardiotoxicity. Drug screening can be humanised with in vitro assays using …

In cardiomyocytes, invaginations of the sarcolemmal membrane called t-tubules are critically
important for triggering contraction by excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. These structures …

Regulation of intracellular calcium (Ca 2+) is critical in all cell types. The ryanodine receptor
(RyR), an intracellular Ca 2+ release channel located on the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum …

Right ventricle (RV) dysfunction is the strongest predictor of mortality in pulmonary arterial
hypertension (PAH), but, at present, there are no therapies directly targeting the failing RV …

Palliative surgery for congenital heart disease has allowed patients with previously lethal
heart malformations to survive and, in most cases, to thrive. However, these procedures …