Gut microbiota has evolved along with their hosts and is an integral part of the human body.
Microbiota acquired at birth develops in parallel as the host develops and maintains its …

Members of the GroEL/HSP60 protein family have been studied for many years because of
their critical roles as ATP-dependent molecular chaperones, so it might come as a surprise …

Here, we show that the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A is the brain binding site of
levetiracetam (LEV), a new antiepileptic drug with a unique activity profile in animal models …

Indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the initial rate‐limiting step in the
degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. When …

It has become customary to conceptualize the living cell as an intricate piece of machinery,
different to a man-made machine only in terms of its superior complexity. This familiar …

Background We present an overview of bacterial non-classical secretion and a prediction
method for identification of proteins following signal peptide independent secretion …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family members, which include TGF-βs, activins and
bone morphogenetic proteins, are pleiotropic cytokines that elicit cell type-specific effects in …

The C-terminal repeat domain (CTD), an unusual extension appended to the C terminus of
the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, serves as a flexible binding scaffold for numerous …

Abstract Three-finger toxins (3FTXs) are a functionally diverse family of toxins, apparently
unique to venoms of caenophidian snakes. Although the ancestral function of 3FTXs is …

Over the course of evolution, eukaryotic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) progressively
incorporated domains and motifs that have no essential connection to aminoacylation …