MKK4 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4; also referred to as MEK4) is a dual-
specificity protein kinase that phosphorylates and regulates both JNK (c-Jun N-terminal …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the
loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and the accumulation of Lewy bodies (LB) in the …

Necroptosis is a lytic and inflammatory form of cell death that is highly constrained to
mitigate detrimental collateral tissue damage and impaired immunity. These constraints …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a geriatric disease with the morbidity and mortality continuing to
grow, partly due to the aging of the world population. As one of the most common types of …

The treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) is multimodal, and
chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a critical component. However, the availability of predictive or …

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) triggers tissue hypoxia and organ failure during severe blood loss,
and the liver is sensitive to HS. Mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) activates …

Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory condition that causes disability, axonal
damage in the central nervous system, and eventual paralysis. One of the main risk factors …