Non‐consumptive predator effects (NCEs) are now widely recognised for their capacity to
shape ecosystem structure and function. Yet, forecasting the propagation of these predator …

The interaction between predator and prey is an evolutionary arms race, for which early
detection by either party is often the key to success. In aquatic ecosystems, olfaction is an …

This review examines the contribution of research on fishes to the growing field of
behavioural syndromes. Current knowledge of behavioural syndromes in fishes is reviewed …

There is a growing theoretical basis for the role of predation risk as a driver of trophic
interactions, conceptualized as the 'ecology of fear'. However, current ungulate management …

Predator–prey relationships are a central component of community dynamics. Classic
approaches have tried to understand and predict these relationships in terms of …

Predators affect prey by killing them directly (lethal effects) and by inducing costly
antipredator behaviours in living prey (risk effects). Risk effects can strongly influence prey …

Coral reefs are degrading globally due to increased environmental stressors including
warming and elevated levels of pollutants. These stressors affect not only habitat-forming …

Nonconsumptive effects (NCEs) have been shown to occur in numerous systems and are
regarded as important mechanisms by which predation structures natural communities …

Humans have a profound effect on the planet's ecosystems, and unprecedented rates of
human population growth and urbanization have brought wild animals into increasing …

Diel vertical migrations (DVM) are typical for many cold‐water fish species such as Pacific
salmons (Oncorhynchus spp.) and coregonids (Coregonus spp.) inhabiting deep lakes. A …