This paper is the thirty-eighth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2015 …

Critical-size bone defects, which require large-volume tissue reconstruction, remain a
clinical challenge. Bone engineering has the potential to provide new treatment concepts …

The anesthetic state and natural sleep share many neurobiological features and yet are two
distinct states. The hallmarks of general anesthesia include hypnosis, analgesia, akinesia …

Introduction Differential hypoxia is a pivotal problem in patients with femoral veno-arterial
(VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Despite recognition of …

Sedation and/or anesthesia are often required for surgical or diagnostic procedures in
ruminants. Most procedures in ruminants can be done during standing sedation with the aid …

Objective To compare cardiopulmonary and sedative effects following administration of
dexmedetomidine alone or with butorphanol, methadone, morphine or tramadol in healthy …

The sedative and selected cardiopulmonary effects of acepromazine alone or in
combination with methadone, morphine, or tramadol were compared in sheep. Six ewes …

Increased intraabdominal pressure (IAP) during laparoscopy can reduce venous return, but
changes in respiratory system mechanics and their effect in left cardiac function are not well …

We traced the changes in GABAergic parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons of the
hippocampus and reticulo-thalamic nucleus (RT) as possible underlying mechanisms of the …

Simple Summary Historically, the use of opioids in equine anaesthesia has been limited due
to many reported adverse effects. Even though more research is being conducted, there is …