Transmembrane proteins comprise~ 30% of the mammalian proteome, mediating
metabolism, signalling, transport and many other functions required for cellular life. The …

Biological membranes are key elements for the maintenance of cell architecture and
physiology. Beyond a pure barrier separating the inner space of the cell from the outer, the …

A fundamental feature of cellular plasma membranes (PMs) is an asymmetric lipid
distribution between the bilayer leaflets. However, neither the detailed, comprehensive …

The lipid raft hypothesis postulates that lipid–lipid interactions can laterally organize
biological membranes into domains of distinct structures, compositions, and functions. This …

Plasma membrane heterogeneity has been tied to a litany of cellular functions and is often
explained by analogy to membrane phase separation; however, models based on phase …

During T cell activation, the transmembrane adaptor protein LAT (linker for activation of T
cells) forms biomolecular condensates with Grb2 and Sos1, facilitating signaling. LAT has …

Maintenance of lipid asymmetry across the two leaflets of the plasma membrane (PM)
bilayer is a ubiquitous feature of eukaryotic cells. Loss of this asymmetry has been widely …

Biological membranes are tricky to investigate. They are complex in terms of molecular
composition and structure, functional over a wide range of time scales, and characterized by …

Cell surface transmembrane receptors often form nanometer-to micrometer-scale clusters to
initiate signal transduction in response to environmental cues. Extracellular ligand …

Biomembranes are complex materials composed of lipids and proteins that
compartmentalize biochemistry. They are actively remodeled in response to physical and …