Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown great potential for tumor treatment with merits of
non‐invasiveness, high selectivity, and minimal side effects. However, conventional type II …

Chirality, a fundamental principle in chemistry, biology, and medicine, is prevalent in nature
and in organisms. Chiral molecules, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, are crucial in …

Natural transport channels (or carriers), such as aquaporins, are a distinct type of
biomacromolecule capable of highly effective transmembrane transport of water or ions …

Anionic species are omnipresent and involved in many important biological processes. A
large number of artificial anion receptors has therefore been developed. Some of these are …

Various artificial transmembrane transporters, designed to function through mobile carrier or
channel mechanisms, have been developed in the past decade. With the aid of structural …

Membrane transport proteins fulfill important regulatory functions in biology with a common
trait being their ability to respond to stimuli in the environment. Various small-molecule …

The toxicity, corrosiveness, and volatility of elemental bromine presents challenges for its
safe storage and transportation. Purification from other halogens is also difficult. Here, we …

Fluctuations in the intracellular chloride ion concentration, mediated by synthetic ion
transporters, have been known to induce cytotoxicity in cells by disrupting ionic …

Pumping ions against a concentration gradient through protein-based transporters is a
cornerstone of numerous biological processes. Mimicking this function by using artificial …

Lipid bilayer membranes form compartments requisite for life. Interfacing supramolecular
systems, including receptors, catalysts, signal transducers and ion transporters, enables the …