Diffuse myocardial fibrosis resulting from the excessive deposition of collagen fibres through
the entire myocardium is encountered in a number of chronic cardiac diseases. This lesion …

The endothelium is one of the largest organ systems in the body, and data continue to
emerge regarding the importance of endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction in vascular aging and …

Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a ubiquitously expressed enzyme catalyzing the crosslinking
between Gln and Lys residues and involved in various pathophysiological events. Besides …

The ability of cells to sense and respond to changes in mechanical environment is vital in
conditions of organ injury when the architecture of normal tissues is disturbed or lost. Among …

The biocatalytic activity of transglutaminases (TGs) leads to the synthesis of new covalent
isopeptide bonds (crosslinks) between peptide-bound glutamine and lysine residues, but …

The healthy mammalian intestine is lined by a single layer of epithelial cells. These cells
provide a selectively permeable barrier to luminal contents and normally do so in an efficient …

The hallmark of fibrosis is an excessive accumulation of collagen, ultimately leading to
organ failure. It has become evident that the deposited collagen also exhibits qualitative …

Introduction: Enzymatic cross-linking of the collagens within the extracellular matrix (ECM)
catalyzed by enzymes such as lysyl oxidase (LOX) and lysyl oxidase like-enzymes 1–4 …

Background The renin‐angiotensin system plays a crucial role in the development of heart
failure, and Ang II (angiotensin II) acts as the critical effector of the renin‐angiotensin system …

Controlled tissue growth is essential for multicellular life and requires tight spatiotemporal
control over cell proliferation and differentiation until reaching homeostasis. As cells …