Highlights•Development of FEA in food packaging industries are reviewed.•Advantages,
shortcomings and challenges encountered by users of FEA in food packaging industries are …

The most destructive impacts on biological materials are impact loads, which cause tissue
damage under surface peel. For apples, tissue damage increases due to the contact …

Bruising in fresh crops is a major challenge of the horticulture industry, which can cause
quality degradation and losses throughout the pre-harvest to the post-harvest stages. A …

To solve the problems of the high rhizome damage and low net cutting during carrot
combine harvesting, the following research was performed. The designed carrot stem‐and …

From the producers' point of view, there is no universal and quick method to predict bruise
area when dropping an apple from a certain height onto a certain type of substrate. In this …

Potato is exposed to different types of impact loads during harvest, sorting, and
transportation. The large impact force between potato and rod-shaped machinery parts …

Cut carrot pieces are popular convenience foods, which enable the use of misshapen or
physiologically imperfect produce. Cut carrots curl due to residual stress, which limits their …

Stepwise drying is an effective technique that promotes energy saving without additional
capital cost. The stepwise drying mode was investigated for energy consumption and dried …

Apples are the most popular fruits grown in Polish orchards. In order to obtain the best
quality fruit, it is necessary to improve plantation maintenance, fruit harvesting, and …

In this paper, a new shape equation for Hayward kiwifruit is developed. Being simple and
generic, it required only the major measurable dimensions of a kiwifruit as inputs (length …