The most ambitious challenge for designers is an effective shading system that is able to
keep the balance between the daylight harvesting and view out maximization while …

The building sector is–directly or indirectly–the first pillar for application of technologies
aimed at reducing energy wastes. To achieve sustainable growth goals, worldwide, the …

Visual and thermal comfort for occupants significantly depend on exterior environmental
climatic conditions, which are continuously changing. In particular, optimizing visual and …

In the history, architecture was exploited to the human being to protect him from unsteady
environmental conditions. In the past centuries, architecture was pioneer art which has …

The building envelope has an important role in regulating the energy exchanges between
the internal and external environment. In recent years, various studies on technological …

Abstract The idea of Adaptive Solar Façade (ASF), as a modular, dynamic, and flexible types
of smart façades could be a promising approach in a comfort-centric design through the …

This paper provides an overview of the design of biomimetic building skins. Many types of
smart and responsive building envelopes have been developed, but their improvement to …

Recently, intelligent façades (IFs) have become key factors to achieve sustainable
development goals in the architectural sector. Research in this area is steadily growing …

To reduce the energy consumption of buildings and limit their impact on the environment,
greater attention has been paid, in recent years, to adaptive building envelopes …

Building envelopes represent the interface between the outdoor environment and the indoor
occupied spaces. They are often considered as barriers and shields, limiting solutions that …