The respiratory system, which includes the trachea, airways, and distal alveoli, is a complex
multi-cellular organ that intimately links with the cardiovascular system to accomplish gas …

The pulmonary vasculature is comprised of three anatomic compartments connected in
series: the arterial tree, an extensive capillary bed, and the venular tree. Although in general …

Here, we describe a novel pathogenic entity, the activated PMN (polymorphonuclear
leukocyte, ie, neutrophil)-derived exosome. These CD63+/CD66b+ nanovesicles acquire …

Background The concept that small conducting airways less than 2 mm in diameter become
the major site of airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is well …

Background: Lung macrophages, that is, the intravascular, interstitial, pleural, and surface
macrophages, are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system. They are derived from the …

Life originated in anoxia, but many organisms came to depend upon oxygen for survival,
independently evolving diverse respiratory systems for acquiring oxygen from the …

Organoids are derived from stem cells or organ-specific progenitors. They display structures
and functions consistent with organs in vivo. Multiple types of organoids, including lung …

The mammalian lung epithelium is composed of a wide array of specialized cells that have
adapted to survive environmental exposure and perform the tasks necessary for respiration …

The lung microbiome is associated with host immune response and health outcomes in
experimental models and patient cohorts. Lung microbiome research is increasing in …

Background Widespread occupational exposure to carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs)
raises concerns over their safety. CBNPs are genotoxic in vitro but less is known about their …