Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) have significantly improved treatment outcome of
rheumatic diseases since their incorporation into treatment protocols two decades ago …

Biologic agents have become a core component of therapeutic strategies for many
inflammatory rheumatic diseases. However, perhaps reflecting the specificity and generally …

Injection-site pain (ISP) is a subjective side effect that is commonly reported with the
subcutaneous administration of biological agents, yet it may only be a concern to some …

Biologic drugs have greatly improved treatment outcomes of inflammatory joint diseases, but
a substantial proportion of patients either do not respond to treatment or lose response over …

Over time, clinicians have become increasingly comfortable embracing the prescription of
biosimilars—highly similar versions of innovator or reference biological agents—for their …

ABSTRACT Introduction As of May 2023, 19 and 18 biosimilars have been approved for the
treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and United …

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are a cluster of heterogeneous disorders that share some
clinical symptoms such as pain, tissue damage, immune deregulation, and the presence of …

Adalimumab is currently the only biological medicine approved by the FDA for the treatment
of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). The breakout of biosimilar drugs made them more …

Background Infliximab and adalimumab concentrations are associated with important
outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Antibodies to infliximab (ATI) and …

Refractory, or uncontrolled, gout is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory arthropathy resulting
from continued urate deposition after failed attempts to lower serum uric acid below the …