Criteria and indicators (C & I) to evaluate the sustainability of forest management have been
proposed by the Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe. Although …

Umbrella pine (Pinus pinea L.) cones take three years to develop. With the increasing
frequency of extreme droughts, water available for trees has decreased—climate change is …

I have attempted to reach a wide range of readers, from those with no formal forestry
education through to forest scientists involved in research. This has meant dealing with …

This paper summarises the results from 35 years-observed thinning experiments on 256
permanent sample plots in 10–60 year-old stands of ash, aspen, birch, oak, pine and spruce …

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thinning on stand
growth, carbon (C) sequestration, and soil properties in Brutia pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) …

Sustainable forestry requires adopting more ecosystem-informed perspectives. Tree
thinning improves forest productivity by encouraging the development of the understory …

The positive effect of thinning on individual tree growth is well known, but the subsequent
growth dynamics of individual trees over a rotation is relatively unknown, even though this is …

In Fennoscandia, large areas that have not been subjected to pre-commercial thinning
(PCT), and thus support dense stands, are becoming suitable for harvesting biomass …

Robinia pseudoacacia is the most important tree species used for afforestation on the
Chinese Loess Plateau. However, most R. pseudoacacia plantations face environmental …

Pre-commercial thinning (PCT) is a common measure in Norway spruce (Picea abies L.
Karst.) stands but the profitability of doing PCT and timing of PCT has not been fully …