In accordance with the comorbidity-inflammation paradigm, comorbidities and especially
metabolic comorbidities are presumed to drive development and severity of heart failure with …

Protein kinase A (PKA) is a central regulator of cardiac performance and morphology.
Myocardial PKA activation is induced by a variety of hormones, neurotransmitters, and stress …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) modulate the neurohormonal regulation of
cardiac function by degrading cAMP and cGMP. In cardiomyocytes, multiple PDE isozymes …

3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) mediates the effects of sympathetic
stimulation on the rate and strength of cardiac contraction. Beyond this pivotal role, in …

Rationale: The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagic-lysosomal pathway
are pivotal to proteostasis. Targeting these pathways is emerging as an attractive strategy for …

Background Microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation is a major contributor to early
brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is the …

Because raising cAMP enhances 26S proteasome activity and the degradation of cell
proteins, including the selective breakdown of misfolded proteins, we investigated whether …

BACKGROUND: A better understanding of the regulation of proteasome activities can
facilitate the search for new therapeutic strategies. A cell culture study shows that PKA …

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous
disease, in which its pathogenesis is very complex and far from defined. Here, we explored …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are superfamily of enzymes that regulate the
spatial and temporal relationship of second messenger signaling in the cellular system …