The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors diverse microbial communities collectively
known as the gut microbiota that exert a profound impact on human health and disease. The …

The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the global health crisis of the coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. No evidence is yet available for CoV infection into …

The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created the need for …

Over the past two decades, our appreciation of the gut mucus has moved from a static
lubricant to a dynamic and essential component of the gut ecosystem that not only mediates …

The pandemic brought on by the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
2 (SARS-CoV2) has become a global health crisis, with over 22 million confirmed cases and …

Sialic acids are nine-carbon sugars that frequently cap glycans at the cell surface in cells of
vertebrates as well as cells of certain types of invertebrates and bacteria. The nine-carbon …

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), the
causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been declared a global …

Codon pair deoptimization is an efficient virus attenuation strategy, but the mechanism that
leads to attenuation is unknown. The strategy involves synthetic recoding of viral genomes …

The spike protein on sarbecovirus virions contains two external, protruding domains: an N-
terminal domain (NTD) with unclear function and a C-terminal domain (CTD) that binds the …

Influenza D virus (IDV) utilizes bovines as a primary reservoir with periodical spillover to
other hosts. We have previously demonstrated that IDV binds both 9-O-acetylated N …