Aims The family of kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites includes compounds produced
along two arms of the path and acting in clearly opposite ways. The equilibrium between …

Physical exercise may improve cognitive function by modulating molecular and cellular
mechanisms within the brain. We propose that the facilitation of long-term synaptic …

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous tryptophan (Trp) metabolite known to possess
neuroprotective property. KYNA plays critical roles in nociception, neurodegeneration, and …

The pathomechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD) certainly involves mitochondrial
disturbances, glutamate excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation. The three main aspects of …

For decades, neurological, psychological, and cognitive alterations, as well as other
glandular manifestations (EGM), have been described and are being considered to be part …

Glutamatergic neurotransmission, of special importance in the human brain, is implicated in
key brain functions such as synaptic plasticity and memory. The excessive activation of N …

The pathomechanism of neurodegenerative disorders still poses a challenge to
neuroscientists, and continuous research is under way with the aim of attaining an …

Kynurenic acid (KYNA), an endogenous neuroprotectant with antiexcitotoxic, antioxidant,
and anti-inflammatory effects, is synthesized through the tryptophan-kynurenine (KYN) …

Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a metabolite of tryptophan, as an excitatory amino acid receptor
antagonist is an effective neuroprotective agent in case of excitotoxicity, which is the …

Many neurologic diseases are related to autoimmune dysfunction and a variety of molecules
or reaction pathways are involved in the regulation of immune function of the nervous …