Myriad clinical findings provide links between chronic stressors, inflammation, and mood
disorders. Furthermore, traumatic or chronic exposure to psychological stressors may …

Major depression is a prevalent illness that increases the risk of several neurological
conditions. These include stroke, cardiovascular disease, and dementia including …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to significant neuropsychiatric problems and
neurodegenerative pathologies, which develop and persist years after injury …

Cognitive dysfunction and reactive microglia are hallmarks of traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet
whether these cells contribute to cognitive deficits and secondary inflammatory pathology …

The spleen, an important tissue for the immune system, acts as a filter for blood within the
immune system. Accumulating evidence suggests that the spleen affects a number of brain …

Microglia are activated in many neurological diseases and have been suggested to play an
important role in the development of affective disorders including major depression. To …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic and recurrent psychiatric condition
characterized by depressed mood, social isolation and anhedonia. It will affect 20% of …

There is growing evidence that stress-induced brain cytokines are important in the etiology
of depression and anxiety. Here, we review how the neuroendocrine responses to …

Microglia are the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system. Limited
turnover throughout the lifespan leaves microglia susceptible to age-associated dysfunction …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive, psychiatric, and
neurodegenerative complications that may develop after injury. Increased microglial …