Influenza A virus (IAV) infections in hosts outside the main aquatic bird reservoirs occur
periodically. Although most such cross-species transmission events result in limited onward …

Influenza A viruses are amongst the most challenging viruses that threaten both human and
animal health. Constantly evolving and crossing species barrier, the emergence of novel …

Abstract A canine influenza A (H3N2) virus emerged in the United States in February–March
2015, causing respiratory disease in dogs. The virus had previously been circulating among …

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are maintained mainly in wild birds, and despite frequent spillover
infections of avian IAVs into mammals, only a small number of viruses have become …

Influenza A viruses (IAV) cause persistent epidemics and occasional human pandemics,
leading to considerable economic losses. The ecology and epidemiology of IAV are very …

Influenza virus infections of carnivores—primarily in dogs and in large and small cats—have
been repeatedly observed to be caused by a number of direct spillovers of avian viruses or …

Influenza viruses have affected the world for over a century, causing multiple pandemics.
Throughout the years, many prophylactic vaccines have been developed for influenza; …

Host-range shifts in influenza virus are a major risk factor for pandemics. A key question in
the study of emerging zoonoses is how the evolution of transmission efficiency interacts with …

Avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) transferred to dogs in Asia around 2005,
becoming enzootic throughout China and South Korea before reaching the United States in …

Two different influenza A viruses have infected and spread among dogs since 2000, and
both have been widespread in dogs in North America. The H3N8 canine influenza virus …