Polarization is a fundamental property of light and a powerful sensing tool that has been
applied to many areas. A Mueller matrix is a complete mathematical description of the …

Breast conserving surgery (BCS) is an effective treatment for early-stage cancers as long as
the margins of the resected tissue are free of disease according to consensus guidelines for …

Written by more than 400 subject experts representing diverse academic and applied
domains, this multidisciplinary resource surveys the vanguard of biomaterials and …

Various types of optical spectroscopy have been investigated as methods to effect a
noninvasive, real-time in-situ assessment of tissue pathology. All of these methods have one …

Background Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) reduces the morbidity of axillary clearance
and is the standard of care for patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer. The …

Background and aims: Endoscopic surveillance of Barrett's oesophagus currently relies on
multiple random biopsies. This approach is time consuming, has a poor diagnostic yield …

Background Because many gastrointestinal (GI) tumors spread by way of lymphatics,
histological assessment of the first draining lymph nodes has both prognostic and …

BACKGROUND: Biopsy and polypectomy frequently are performed for lesions that carry a
low risk of malignant transformation in the colon. Elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS) is a …

Early detection and treatment of skin cancer can significantly improve patient outcome.
However, present standards for diagnosis require biopsy and histopathologic examinations …

We report the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to determine spatially localized
optical attenuation coefficients of human axillary lymph nodes and their use to generate …