Evolution of RNA viruses occurs through disequilibria of collections of closely related mutant
spectra or mutant clouds termed viral quasispecies. Here we review the origin of the …

Hepatitis A is a vaccine-preventable infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Over
150 million new infections of hepatitis A occur annually. HAV causes an acute inflammatory …

The Picornaviridae represent a large family of small plus-strand RNA viruses that cause a
bewildering array of important human and animal diseases. Morphogenesis is the least …

Background The influenza A virus is an important infectious cause of morbidity and mortality
in humans and was responsible for 3 pandemics in the 20 th century. As the replication of …

Viruses are intracellular pathogens responsible for a vast number of human diseases. Due
to their small genome size, viruses rely primarily on the biosynthetic apparatus of the host for …

Infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the commonest viral cause of liver disease and
presents an important public health problem worldwide. Several unique HAV properties and …

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is an ancient and ubiquitous human pathogen recovered previously
only from primates. The sole species of the genus Hepatovirus, existing in both enveloped …

Adaptation is often thought to affect the likelihood that a virus will be able to successfully
emerge in a new host species. If so, surveillance for genetic markers of adaptation could …

Hepatitis A is an acute infection of the liver, which is mostly asymptomatic in children and
increases the severity with age. Although in most patients the infection resolves completely …

RNA viruses pose serious threats to human health. Their success relies on their capacity to
generate genetic variability and, consequently, on their adaptive potential. We describe a …