Copper slag, generated mainly during copper smelting, and classified as a potentially
harmful waste, is an important secondary resource containing not only valuable metals, such …

Copper slag waste has continued to cause increasing concerns due to the huge volumes
being produced annually worldwide. This paper presents a review of copper slag as a …

Slag is a waste product from the pyrometallurgical processing of various ores. Based on
over 150 published studies, this paper provides an overview of mineralogical and …

The mining industry faces a number of challenges that include rapid depletion of high-grade
deposits, high energy cost for metal production, and growing environmental concerns …

Water is needed at mine sites for dust suppression, mineral processing, coal washing, and
hydrometallurgical extraction. For these applications, water is mined from surface water …

Pollution of ecosystems with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has become a global problem
with serious consequences for public health. The PTEs are hazardous to humans owing to …

Sulfidic mine waste can pose environmental and human health risks, especially when it
contains high levels of mobile metal (loid) s. To assess the environmental and health risks of …

Bioindicators have been widely used to assess the contamination of lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) in
smelter areas, mining waste disposal areas and in areas containing slags from Pb ore …

Lead slag is produced by the primary and secondary lead industry. The large amount of lead
slag discharge causes environmental problems. Reducing the toxicity and increasing …

The extraction of gold from ores and electronic waste is an important topic worldwide, as this
precious metal has immense value in a variety of fields. However, serious environmental …