A review is given on the foundations and applications of non-Hermitian classical and
quantum physics. First, key theorems and central concepts in non-Hermitian linear algebra …

In active matter systems, individual constituents convert energy into non-conservative forces
or motion at the microscale, leading to morphological features and transport properties that …

BACKGROUND Living cells contain distinct subcompartments to facilitate spatiotemporal
regulation of biological reactions. In addition to canonical membrane-bound organelles such …

The remarkable processes that characterize living organisms, such as motility, self-healing
and reproduction, are fuelled by a continuous injection of energy at the microscale. The field …

The mechanical behaviour of cells is largely controlled by a structure that is fundamentally
out of thermodynamic equilibrium: a network of crosslinked filaments subjected to the action …

The study of systems with sustained energy uptake and dissipation at the scale of the
constituent particles is an area of central interest in nonequilibrium statistical physics …

The study of liquid crystals at equilibrium has led to fundamental insights into the nature of
ordered materials, as well as to practical applications such as display technologies. Active …

When in equilibrium, thermal forces agitate molecules, which then diffuse, collide and bind
to form materials. However, the space of accessible structures in which micron-scale …

Liquid crystals (LCs) are ubiquitous in display technologies. The orientational ordering in the
nematic phase of LCs gives rise to structural anisotropy, the ability to form topological …

INTRODUCTION Conventional nonequilibrium systems are composed of inanimate
components whose dynamics is powered by the external input of energy. For example, in a …