Growing evidence suggests an increasing significance for the extent of gastrointestinal tract
(GIT) dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). Most patients suffer from GIT symptoms …

Objective Introduction and validation of a phenotypic classification of neurogenic dysphagia
based on flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). Methods A systematic …

Abstract Background Pharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and
clinically relevant symptom associated with poor nutrition intake, reduced quality of life, and …

Background Dysphagia is common in Parkinson's disease (PD). The effects of
antiparkinsonian drugs on dysphagia are controversial. Several treatments for dysphagia …

Objective In the evaluation of oropharyngeal dysphagia, instrumental procedures, for
example, flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing or videofluoroscopic swallowing …

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is becoming a growing global concern by being the second most
prevalent disease next to Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Henceforth new exploration is needed …

Abstract Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) is one of two diagnostic gold
standards for pharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson's disease (PD), however, validated global …

Gastrointestinal (GI) issues are commonly experienced by patients with Parkinson's disease
(PD). Those that affect the lower GI tract, such as constipation, are the most frequently …

Despite swallowing being a frequently performed daily function, it is highly complex. For a
safe swallow to occur, muscles within the head, neck, and thorax need to contract in a …

High incidence, severe consequences, unclear mechanism, and poor treatment effect
happened in Parkinson's disease-related dysphagia. Repetitive transcranial magnetic …