Metabolic rewiring and epigenetic remodeling, which are closely linked and reciprocally
regulate each other, are among the well-known cancer hallmarks. Recent evidence …

Metabolism in immune cells is no longer thought of as merely a process for adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) production, biosynthesis, and catabolism. The reprogramming of …

The master pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), has been shown to
modulate multiple signalling pathways, with wide-ranging downstream effects. TNF plays a …

Metabolic reprogramming has become a key focus for both immunologists and cancer
biologists, with exciting advances providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying …

Traditionally cellular respiration or metabolism has been viewed as catabolic and anabolic
pathways generating energy and biosynthetic precursors required for growth and general …

Immunometabolism plays a fundamental role in health and diseases and involves multiple
genes and signals. Aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1; also known as IRG1) is emerging …

Immune-Responsive Gene 1 (Irg1) is a mitochondrial enzyme that produces itaconate under
inflammatory conditions, principally in cells of myeloid lineage. Cell culture studies suggest …

The heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme system remains an attractive therapeutic target for
the treatment of inflammatory conditions. HO-1, a cellular stress protein, serves a vital …

Endogenous small molecules are metabolic regulators of cell function. Itaconate is a key
molecule that accumulates in cells when the Krebs cycle is disrupted. Itaconate is derived …

Itaconic acid is produced by immune responsive gene 1 (IRG1)-coded enzyme in activated
macrophages and known to play an important role in metabolism and immunity. In this study …