Evolution of RNA viruses occurs through disequilibria of collections of closely related mutant
spectra or mutant clouds termed viral quasispecies. Here we review the origin of the …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects an estimated 170 million persons worldwide and thus
represents a viral pandemic, one that is five times as widespread as infection with the …

The action of interferons (IFNs) on virus-infected cells and surrounding tissues elicits an
antiviral state that is characterized by the expression and antiviral activity of IFN-stimulated …

Exciting progress has recently been made in understanding the replication of hepatitis C
virus, a major cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma …

Great progress has been made over the past years in elucidating the structure and function
of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins, most of which are now actively being pursued as …

The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR is a critical mediator of the
antiproliferative and antiviral effects exerted by interferons. Not only is PKR an effector …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health problem affecting an estimated 170
million individuals worldwide. We report the identification of multiple independent adaptive …

Since the identification of the hepatitis C virus, great strides have been made in the
development of an antiviral therapy. As a crucial mediator of the innate antiviral immune …

This review describes the contribution of noncytolytic mechanisms to the control of viral
infections with a particular emphasis on the role of cytokines in these processes. It has long …

The IFN-induced double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is one of the four
mammalian serine-threonine kinases (the three others being HRI, GCN2 and PERK) that …