In its classical view, the renin angiotensin system (RAS) was defined as an endocrine
system involved in blood pressure regulation and body electrolyte balance. However, the …

The complexity of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) continues to reveal
itself as evidence accumulates demonstrating its robust independent regulation in the …

Abstract Background and Objectives Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) converts
angiotensin II (Ang1-8) to angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7), a functional antagonist of Ang1-8, with …

Background Angotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a newly discovered
monocarboxypeptidase that counteracts the vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) …

Background: Hypertension and renal injury are common complications of type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM). Hyperglycemia stimulates renal proximal tubular angiotensinogen (AGT) …

Chymase is the most efficient Ang II (angiotensin II)–forming enzyme in the human body and
has been implicated in a wide variety of human diseases that also implicate its many other …

Diabetic nephropathy is an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. A large body of evidence suggests that dyslipidemia has an important role in the …

Background: Chronic renal inflammation has been widely recognized as a major promoter of
several forms of high blood pressure including salt-sensitive hypertension. In diabetes, IL …

The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) mediates most hypertensive actions of angiotensin
II. To understand the molecular regulation of the AT1R in normal physiology and …

The renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) constitutes one of the most important hormonal
systems in the physiological regulation of blood pressure through renal and non-renal …