Chronic antigen stimulation during viral infections and cancer can lead to T cell exhaustion,
which is characterized by reduced effector function and proliferation, and the expression of …

Despite the notable success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies in the
treatment of certain haematological malignancies, challenges remain in optimizing CAR …

Tonic signaling of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), ie, the spontaneous CAR activation in
the absence of tumor antigen stimulation, is considered to be a pivotal event controlling CAR …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has attracted attention for its promising
therapeutic effects on hematological malignancies. However, there are problems such as …

Thirty years of foundational research investigating molecular and cellular mechanisms
promoting T cell exhaustion are now enabling rational design of T cell–based therapies for …

Over the last decade remarkable progress has been made in enhancing the efficacy of CAR
T therapies. However, the clinical benefits are still limited, especially in solid tumors. Even in …

CRISPR technologies have begun to revolutionize T cell therapies; however, conventional
CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing tools are limited in their safety, efficacy, and scope. To …

Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy is a promising approach to improve outcomes in
transplantation and autoimmunity. In conventional T cell therapy, chronic stimulation can …

Highly coordinated changes in gene expression underlie T cell activation and exhaustion.
However, the mechanisms by which such programs are regulated and how these may be …

Although inhibition of T cell coinhibitory receptors has revolutionized cancer therapy, the
mechanisms governing their expression on human T cells have not been elucidated. In the …