Muscle spindles are ubiquitous encapsulated mechanoreceptors found in most mammalian
muscles. There are two types of endings, primary and secondary, and both are sensitive to …

In the motor system there is a complex interplay between cortical structures and spinal cord
lower motor neurons (LMN). In this system both inhibitory and excitatory neurons have …

One of the most fundamental laws of physics is the principle of least action. Motivated by its
predictive power, we introduce a neuronal least-action principle for cortical processing of …

Integrating a prosthetic hand to amputees with seamless neural compatibility presents a
grand challenge to neuroscientists and neural engineers for more than half century …

Computational models of the neuromusculoskeletal system provide a deterministic
approach to investigate input-output relationships in the human motor system …

Current control of prosthetic hands is ineffective when grasping deformable, irregular, or
heavy objects. In humans, grasping is achieved under spinal reflexive control of the …

The past decades have witnessed remarkable progress in neural technologies such as
functional electrical stimulation (FES) and their applications in neurorehabilitation and …

Restoring neuromuscular reflex properties in the control of a prosthetic hand may potentially
approach human-level grasp functions in the prosthetic hand. Previous studies have …

Lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries—such as ACL injury—are common, and the
majority of those injuries occur without external player contact. In order to prevent non …

Objective: Human neuromuscular reflex control provides a biological model for a compliant
hand prosthesis. Here we present a computational approach to understanding the emerging …