Simple Summary It is considered best practice in the field of animal welfare to utilize multiple
indicators of welfare when assessing an individual's current state. While welfare scientists …

Simple Summary Zoos and aquariums have recognized the paramount importance of
animal welfare. Achieving and maintaining the highest possible standards of animal welfare …

Arctic marine mammals are facing increasing levels of many anthropogenic stressors. Novel
tools are needed for assessment of stress physiology and potential impacts of these …

Although historically understudied, the empirical evaluation of captive reptile welfare is
becoming more common, and zoos continue making modifications to their reptile facilities …

Measuring corticosterone in feathers allows researchers to make long-term, retrospective
assessments of physiology with non-invasive sampling. To date, there is little evidence that …

Conservation biology integrates multiple disciplines to expand the ability to identify threats to
populations and develop mitigation for these threats. Road ecology is a branch of …

Ophidiomycosis (snake fungal disease) is caused by the fungus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola.
As ophidiomycosis is difficult to study in free-ranging snakes, a reliable experimental model …

To reverse the trend of declining wildlife populations globally, individuals must be provided
with conditions that allow them to not just survive, but to thrive. It is no longer only the remit of …

A significant body of literature suggests that aquatic pollutants can interfere with the
physiological function of the fish hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis, and eventually …

Monitoring the physiology of wild populations presents many technical challenges. Blood
samples, long the gold standard of wildlife endocrinology studies, cannot always be …