Pain in infancy influences pain reactivity in later life, but how and why this occurs is poorly
understood. Here we review the evidence for developmental plasticity of nociceptive …

The opioid epidemic has led to a serious examination of the use of opioids for the treatment
of pain. Opioid drugs are effective due to the expression of opioid receptors throughout the …

Background: The neurobiology of neonatal pain processing, especially in preterm infants,
differs significantly from older infants, children, adolescence, and adults. Research suggests …

Our dynamic environment regularly exposes us to potentially life-threatening challenges or
stressors. To answer these challenges and maintain homeostasis, the stress response, an …

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients frequently show weak correlations between
the magnitude of pain and inflammation suggesting that mechanisms other than overt …

This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 …

For a long time, the capacity of the newborn infant to feel pain was denied. Today it is clear
that the nociceptive system, even if still immature, is functional enough in the newborn infant …

Coincident with the opioid epidemic in the United States has been a dramatic increase in the
number of children born with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), a form of withdrawal …

Pain is a necessary sensation that prevents further tissue damage, but can be debilitating
and detrimental in daily life under chronic conditions. Neuronal activity strongly regulates the …

The descending pain modulatory pathway exerts important bidirectional control of
nociceptive inputs to dampen and/or facilitate the perception of pain. The ventrolateral …