Co-inhibitory receptors, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, have an important role in regulating T
cell responses and have proven to be effective targets in the setting of chronic diseases …

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) or programmed death-1 (PD-
1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)–based immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have led …

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic transmural inflammation of intestinal segments caused by
dysregulated interaction between microbiome and gut immune system. Here, we profile, via …

Co-inhibitory receptors are important regulators of T-cell function that define the balance
between tolerance and autoimmunity. The immune regulatory function of co-inhibitory …

Systemic scleroderma (SSc) is one of the most complex systemic autoimmune diseases. It
targets the vasculature, connective tissue-producing cells (namely fibroblasts/myofibroblasts …

Highlights•First FDA approvals for anti-PD-1 antibodies for patients with metastatic
melanoma.•Promising response from ongoing clinical trials with several anti-PD-1/L1 …

Initially thought to play a restricted role in calcium homeostasis, the pleiotropic actions of
vitamin D in biology and their clinical significance are only now becoming apparent …

T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is a newly identified receptor expressed on T cells that
binds to CD155 on the dendritic cell surface, driving them to a more tolerogenic phenotype …

Costimulatory molecules regulate the functional outcome of T cell activation, and
disturbance of the balance between activating and inhibitory signals results in increased …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have now identified at least 2,000 common
variants that appear associated with common diseases or related traits (http://www. genome …