CLC anion transporters are found in all phyla and form a gene family of eight members in
mammals. Two CLC proteins, each of which completely contains an ion translocation …

Cl− channels reside both in the plasma membrane and in intracellular organelles. Their
functions range from ion homeostasis to cell volume regulation, transepithelial transport, and …

Proton channels exist in a wide variety of membrane proteins where they transport protons
rapidly and efficiently. Usually the proton pathway is formed mainly by water molecules …

Abstract ClC-4 and ClC-5 are members of the CLC gene family, with ClC-5 mutated in Dent's
disease, a nephropathy associated with low-molecular-mass proteinuria and eventual renal …

ABSTRACT CLC genes are expressed in species from bacteria to human and encode Cl−-
channels or Cl−/H+-exchangers. CLC proteins assemble to dimers, with each monomer …

Aim: This review describes molecular and functional properties of the following Cl–channels:
the ClC family of voltage‐dependent Cl–channels, the cAMP‐activated transmembrane …

▪ Abstract The CLC gene family encodes nine different Cl− channels in mammals. These
channels perform their functions in the plasma membrane or in intracellular organelles such …

Crystal structures of bacterial CLC proteins were solved recently, but it is unclear to which
level of detail they can be extrapolated to mammalian chloride channels. Exploiting the …

▪ Abstract ClC-type chloride channels are ubiquitous throughout the biological world.
Expressed in nearly every cell type, these proteins have a host of biological functions. With …

CLC channels and transporters are expressed in most tissues and fulfill diverse functions.
There are four human CLC channels, ClC-1, ClC-2, ClC-Ka, and ClC-Kb, and five CLC …