Gram-negative bacteria include a number of pathogens that cause disease in humans and
animals. Although antibiotics are still effective in treating a considerable range of infections …

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) is a globally distributed Gram-negative bacterium
that produces porcine pleuropneumonia. This highly contagious disease produces high …

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a
respiratory disease leading to severe economic losses in the swine industry. The most …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spontaneously released by Gram-negative bacteria,
including Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which causes contagious pleuropneumonia in …

Avibacterium paragallinarum, the causative agent of infectious coryza, is known to release
outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). In the present study, we investigated the composition …

Gallibacterium anatis is a Gram-negative opportunistic avian pathogen representing an
emerging threat to poultry meat and egg production worldwide. To date, no vaccine able to …

Extracellular vesicle (EV) production by bacteria is an important mechanism for microbial
communication and host-pathogen interaction. EVs of some bacterial species have been …

The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria acts as an effective barrier to protect
against toxic compounds. By nature, the OM is asymmetric with the highly packed …

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia is a swine (host) specific respiratory pathogen and the
etiological agent of swine pleuropneumonia which affects pigs of all ages, many being …

Simple Summary Vaccine use is considered an integral control method to prevent
respiratory disease in pigs caused by the economically significant Actinobacillus …