This chapter presents an overview of an approach to research called Design-Based
Implementation Research (DBIR), which brings a collaborative, pragmatic, and …

Background/Context: The problems that school district leaders identify and how they frame
them have consequences—for both policy implementation and the ways that teachers …

In school mathematics, students' opportunity to learn varies according to the nature of
instruction. Mathematical tasks—that is, problems or activities for student engagement—are …

School leaders—both administrators and mathematics leaders—play a critical role in the
instructional improvement of teachers in schools. However, current research in mathematics …

Abstract Mathematics instruction is most effective when teachers use their understanding of
students' ideas to support and challenge students in meaningful ways (National Council of …