Background Hydroxychloroquine is generally considered safe in pregnancy for the treatment
of rheumatic conditions, but studies have been too small to evaluate teratogenicity …

Importance Prepregnancy diabetes is associated with higher perinatal and maternal
morbidity, especially if periconception glycemic control is suboptimal. It is not known whether …

Preterm delivery remains a critical global health concern, with numerous adverse
consequences for both neonate and healthcare systems. Understanding the relationship …

Background Despite many efforts, preterm birth (PTB) is poorly understood and remains a
major public health problem in the United States. Toxicological work suggests gestational …

Objectives To assess the infant risk of major congenital malformations (MCM) associated
with first-trimester exposure to hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) among mothers with systemic …

Addiction researchers tend to have a keen eye for confounder bias. They are often quick to
spot why variables that cause both an exposure and an outcome can produce spurious …

Background: The extent to which ambient air pollution contributes to the pathogenesis of
congenital heart defects remains uncertain. Objective: We investigated whether first trimester …

Abstract Background Some disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are teratogens based on
toxicological evidence. Conventional use of predominant DBPs as proxies for complex …

Background: Observational studies are often the only option to estimate effects of
interventions during pregnancy. Causal inference from observational data can be …

Background Perinatal mortality in foetuses/children with congenital anomalies remains high.
Prenatal diagnosis, essential for risk assessment and organisation of perinatal/postnatal …