Challenges the idea held by many prominent twentieth-century Sinologists that early China
experienced a language crisis. Jane Geaney argues that early Chinese conceptions of …

Li 禮 (translated variously as “ritual”,“etiquette”, or “propriety”) plays a central role in early
Confucianism, but its complexity is not always fully understood. At first glance, it may seem …

The contrasting approaches to death and bereavement in classical Confucianism and
Daoism epitomize the different orientations of the two ethical traditions. Confucianism, here …

Confucianism has attracted some attention in business ethics, in particular as a form of virtue
ethics. This paper develops ideas about Confucianism in business ethics by extending …

This article explores two opposing views from Warring States China concerning the value of
human natural spontaneity (hereafter xìng 性) and large-scale government coercion. On the …

Confucius (aka Kongzi) and Zhuangzi are the two most famous thinkers in all of Chinese
history, aside from Laozi, the Old Master. They occupy positions in the history of Chinese …

This essay contributes to comparative inquiry concerning happiness through a case study of
Xúnzǐ, a major Confucian thinker. Xúnzǐ's ethical theory presents values and norms that fill …

In response to challenges to ritual practice, Xunzi developed not only a theoryo f ritual but
also a method of ritual performance that can be illuminated by a comparison to modern …

It is well known that traditional Chinese culture gives special weight to family life and
understands and arranges other forms of social interaction by drawing on ideas of family …

The aim of the present article is to clarify Confucius' views on the political being with typical
qualities such as benevolence, ritual propriety, and rectification of names; this is to show the …